The Battle Of New Orleans - 3320 Words

Battle of New Orleans Cade Northcutt 1st Period November 20th, 2014 American independence from Great Britain was at first all just a dream from new American colonists. After years of war and key battles with British forces during the Revolutionary War, this dream became a reality. However, some issues promised to be fixed after the Revolutionary War were not corrected. Great Britain had agreements and treaties that were left unfulfilled in the eyes of Americans. One major battle served as a resolution to all American problems with Great Britain, and served as an ending statement in the triumphant War of 1812, the Battle of New Orleans. This battle served as a breaking point for the newly founded American country as well as a†¦show more content†¦But without the Battle of New Orleans and great leadership from Andrew Jackson, British troops could possibly have done more damage to America’s hopes of freedom. The Battle of New Orleans during 1815 served as a key victory in the War of 1812 and helped shape the future pathway of a new, inde pendent nation, the United States of America. Many battles during the War of 1812 had led to the success of America’s second war of independence. British impressment was a major cause of starting the War of 1812. British naval ships were capturing American troops on ships and forcing them to join British forces unwillingly. This did not go lightly with American forces. America soon took on Britain’s powerful navy and army during a period of two and a half years of battle, leading up to the Battle of New Orleans. Staring off, the first successful American battle during 1814 was the Battle of Chippewa. This battle occurred on the borders of Canada, with plans of American forces to seize British forts, located in areas all over Canada. Surprisingly, the American forces outnumbered the British in this attack, ratio being an army of around 4,000 versus the British 2,500 men. The two forces collided at Chippewa, a Canadian plain on July 5th, 1814. Being the first battle of face-to-face combat during the War of 1812, Amer ican forces walked away with the victory. This showed a preview of the tenacious, under rated army of the United States that would be

Challenges of Scholarly Writing Free Essays

Writing is a means of expressing oneself through words and even a method of sharing information about different fields of study. Many have enjoyed and appreciated various forms literature that have transformed readers to another place or make them feel that they are someone else. The benefits of writing are endless. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges of Scholarly Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now More so, it has become an integral part of a person’s life and an inevitable component of the society. For without it, the world today would be bland and monotonous. Since we were toddlers we were trained to read and write so that in our adult years, we will be equipped with a tool that can advance our status in the society which can either be for personal or professional purposes. For me, writing has been an arduous but rewarding part of my life. At first, I was a little apprehensive about writing because it requires the writer to know a lot about sentence constructions, proper usage of punctuations and others. It seemed that writing was a tedious task that demanded time and effort in order to produce high-quality outputs. But after numerous writing exercises and trials, I was able to get used to with the rules and guidelines involved in writing. Because of this, I was able to be exposed to various forms of writing such as creative, technical and scholarly writing. Among the three, creative writing is the easiest and most enjoyable because it gives freedom to the writer to write about anything under the sun. It is like typing on the keyboard or scribbling on a piece paper everything that pops in your head. Meanwhile, technical writing demands technical knowledge about a certain subject which makes it harder than creative and scholarly writing. However, scholarly writing is a different story because it is arduous to write but the end results are beneficial and helpful particularly to the academe. During my days as a student, I was bombarded with a lot of scholarly papers which helped us to learn more about the courses that we took in college. There were days that ideas just came flowing in your mind that helped me finished my research or writing papers in a short amount of time. But there are also moments when you can not seem to extract any good thoughts from your brain even if you spend hours and hours researching, reading and brainstorming. This type of incident is famously known as writer’s block wherein the writer experiences a short-term inability to start or continue the writing process which is frequently caused by the lack of drive and creativity. Also, another writing obstacle is the generation of ideas or thoughts. The most difficult part of writing is the beginning and the conclusion phase. As a writer, I found it hard to organize and develop properly my views and perceptions about a certain subject matter. Even though there is a lot of information, sometimes it is difficult to synthesize all of them to make coherent and logical paragraphs. Aside from this, writers particularly students also go through many obstacles in scholarly writing such as poor structure of writing composition, incorrect usage of grammar and words, citations and plagiarism. When these factors remained unnoticed, the likelihood of generating a solid writing material would be impossible. The key to producing a well-structured scholarly paper is that the thesis statement must be direct and concise. Also, it should be supported by strong arguments at the body of the paper and followed by a conclusion that summarizes the main points and answers the thesis statement. More so, grammar and language used should be appropriate to the topic to make the paper credible and smooth-flowing. However, the most important factor to consider in writing is using proper citations to avoid plagiarism. In writing, it is inevitable to borrow ideas from other writers or previous studies. In order to avoid committing a professional misconduct, writers should cite all sources that they have used in their scholarly papers as a sign of acknowledgment that the incorporated information were taken from other publications. As an alternative, it would be better if writers tried to create their own ideas instead of copying other people’s work thus their skills in writing and critical thinking would be further developed. There is no shortcut in making excellent scholarly papers. Writers must learn the basics of writing before they can be able to yield productive outputs. Moreover, there is no alternate for sitting down and jotting down your ideas on paper so writers should make the best out of writing and try to be honest and responsible . How to cite Challenges of Scholarly Writing, Papers

Patient Safety Refers To the Measures †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Patient Safety Refers To the Measures? Answer: Introducation Patient safety refers to the measures taken in the health care to prevent, reduce, report, and analyze medical errors that often cause adverse effects. Patient safety puts emphasis on care delivery that seeks to prevent errors, learn from errors so as not to repeat the same and to build a culture that ensures safety through the health care professionals, patients, and organizations. Some of the practices include bar coding, the use of simulators, computerized order entry, and sterilization of the surgical tools, ultrasound guidance, and sterile barriers. Knowledge on patient safety has continued to improve due to the adoption of new technologies, advanced educational providers, error reporting systems and lessons from other health institutions. Patient safety aims to ensure that a safe environment is created and maintained to protect patients from avoidable harm. It seeks to help health providers to avoid harmful incidences in the future and to improve on safety and quality clinical services. Therefore, health professionals have the duty of ensuring the safety of the patient in order to minimize injury. One of the positive situations influencing performance in the clinical laboratories is the availability of the required tools and equipment together with the specified chemicals (Southern, Burnand Sundararajan, 2017). This made activities easier and efficient in the laboratories and motivated my morale and that of other nursing practitioners in the premise. The availability of the equipment ensures that patient care is achieved through quick response to their needs, preferences, and values. It ensures that the laboratory tests are done in a short time hence reducing delays to patients and other health providers (Shekelle, Wachter, Larkin, 2013). The availability of equipment made me carry my tests on time and give results with no delays. I would encourage the use of sterile barriers in the process of placing central catheters in order to prevent infections. I would also encourage the medical health providers to learn from the previous mistakes and invent ways of avoiding them in th e future. I would also encourage the health providers to encourage the surgical patients to practice proper nutrition in order to prevent adverse incidents during surgeries. I would also encourage proper placing of equipment and specimen or patients to prevent accidents during the laboratory tests. I would also encourage the nursing practitioners to be attentive during lessons to get important information, which is essential in order to avoid mistakes in the future. I would also advocate for the use of efficient laboratory equipment for fast results. Therefore, organizations need to provide their healthcare providers with the essential tools in order to minimize errors and mistakes in diagnosis and treatment of the patients contributing to the safety of the patients (Schoenberg, Fondahn Lane, 2016). One of the challenging situations influencing performance in the nursing clinical laboratories is decreased funds (Tad Wald, 2016). Laboratories can easily be affected by economic restrictions and limitations because of their technological characteristics. A hospital is normally paid a fixed amount to carry out its tests regardless of the number of tests it may be carried out; hence, the hospital needs to come up with ways of minimizing their costs or putting up only one centralized laboratory (Graban, 2016). This issue made me not to attend some of the sessions due to the strained number of resources and sometimes it made me not to perform well in my exams. I would like to encourage health facilities to urge the government to provide them with more funds to put more laboratories that are specialized in various tests under a medical facility premise. Hence, it is essential for the government to intervene in funding hospitals in order to ensure healthcare providers have the necessary equipment to execute their duties (Glickman, Mehrotra Pines, 2017). In conclusion, patient safety is very important in every medical facility since its one way of ensuring that the patient gets quality health services. It is also essential because it reduces the risk of getting infections, mistakes and it ensures a good line of communication between patients, hospital staff, and families. Therefore, every hospital and other health institutions should aim at protecting their patients from any form of injuries, accidents, errors, and infections. Hospitals should prevent deaths that occur annually due to errors that are preventable but were not prevented hence patient safety should be their number one priority. References Glickman, S. W., Mehrotra Pines, J. M. (2017). A Patient Reported Approach to Identify Medical Errors and Improve Patient Safety in the Emergency Department.Journal of Patient Safety.56(1-57) https://bivarus.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Improve-patient-safety.pdf Graban, M. (2016).Lean hospitals: Improving quality, patient safety, and employee engagement. CRC press 105(6) https://www.crcpress.com/Lean-Hospitals-Improving-Quality-Patient-Safety-and-Employee-Engagement/Graban/p/book/9781439870440 Tad Wald, H. L. (2016). Leveraging a redesigned morbidity and mortality conference that incorporates the clinical and educational missions of improving quality and patient safety.Academic Medicine,91(9), 1239-1243. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983075 Schoenberg, N., Fondahn, E., Lane, M. (2016). Introduction to Patient Safety. 8(1-67) https://bivarus.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Improve-patient-safety.pdf Southern, D. A., Burnand Sundararajan, V. (2017). Deriving ICD-10 codes for patient safety indicators for large-scale surveillance using administrative hospital data.Medical care,55(3), 252-260. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635599 Shekelle, P. G., Wachter,. Larkin, J. W. (2013). Making health care safer II: an updated critical analysis of the evidence for patient safety practices.Evidence report/technology assessment, (211), 1-945. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24423049

Lisa Bright Dark By John Neufeld Essays - Lisa Simpson

Lisa Bright Dark by John Neufeld Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! [an error occurred while processing this directive] Lisa Bright Dark by John Neufeld John Neufeld is the author of "Lisa Bright Dark". He lives and works in New York City these days. He was educated at Yale. His style of writing are usually touching stories. Finding information about John Neufeld is quite difficult since the Internet nor the book has provided any help whatsoever. Lisa Shilling is the main character of this book. She is just sixteen as she slowly loses her mind. Lisa is quite an example of teenager with problems which is why she'd be classified as a very real character. Her dangerous state of mind reflects the realism that this does happen. Her moods are forever changing. Lisa's motivation as a teenager is to live her live normally. This is hard to do since she is in need of help. Many can relate to Lisa and her illness because it is among teenagers today. Her mother and father snub her off completely overlooking her serious unstableness. Luckily, she has friends that care enough to help her. The main conflict of this book is the struggle to convince Lisa's parents that she is ill and needs serious help. Her parents did not pay attention in the beginning when Lisa started to act a little different. This is rather understandable. Lisa was in school and pricked herself with a needle that drew blood. Many told Lisa's stubborn parents that she needed a psychiatrist. They simply refused to accept the fact that their daughter was in need of anything. When Lisa even screamed out that she needed help, they simply wouldn't understand. She even walked right through a glass window. Her parents didn't understand until it was almost too late. The conflict was finally resolved after they got her the help she was in need of. This is an example of man verse himself since the conflict deals with Lisa fighting her illness. This book type is about a social problem. This means that a dilemma occurred in the social area. In this case it involved Lisa Shilling and her struggle with society and her illness. One example of this social problem would be the fact that society such as Lisa's classmates were uneducated about her problem so they didn't understand her. Another example would be how Lisa's parents were too busy with their life to notice their daughter's plea for help. Yet another example would be how the teachers and guidance tried to look around the problem. Today, the same social problems are still faced. The book's them dealt with mental illness and treating it. It was about Lisa and her problems. This book showed that the perplexing problem could be treated right just as long as she got the right help. Her friends were the main people to help her overcome it all. It can be seen that this situation was very difficult then and now. The moral of this story is based on the illness of a girl and society's impact on her. It goes to show that she was helped and hurt at the same time. This passage caught my eye. It's a moment of shock and surprise caused by Lisa's illness. This is a sudden outburst no one was prepared for. They handled it well under those circumstances. Lisa had shoved Elizabeth toward the dying fire, and had jumped on her in one movement. She began hitting Elizabeth's face, then changed her attack and began punching Elizabeth everywhere she could - her sides, her stomach, kicking at her legs, grabbing her by he hair. It was terrifying. This is the list of ten vocabulary words that I didn't know as I read "Lisa Bright Dark". Most of them deal with Lisa's illness is some way. 1. schizophrenia : a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of feeling, thought (as in hallucinations and delusions), and conduct-called also dementia praecox. 2. confidante : CONFIDANT especially : one who is a woman. 3. conscience : the sense or consciousness of the moral goodness or blame worthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good. 4. immobility : the incapability of being moved. 5. Mountie : a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 6. quarry : a diamond-shaped pane of glass, stone, or tile. 7. aquiline : curving like an eagle's beak. 8. analyst :

WHITE NIGHTS AND POLAR LIGHTS essays

WHITE NIGHTS AND POLAR LIGHTS essays 1. How important is the acquisition of Russian Oil to a Western oil firm? How would you value the worth of this acquisition for different companies? Lets first take a look at the natural advantage of investment in oil industry in Russia. Russia is the worlds largest single producer of crude petroleum. Its reserves of petroleum were the seventh largest in the world and its reserves of natural gas the largest. Moreover, Russia is located directly next to the lucrative European and Japanese markets and boasted an existing network of pipelines and refineries capable of serving Western Europe. Investment in Russian oil seemed relatively free of the currency constraints that dogged other potential investments since oil exports could presumably be priced and sold in hard currency. But in the middle of 1990s, the political risk increased. The government had passed measures taxing foreign owned ventures nearly to the point of bankruptcy. With the unravelling of Soviet Union, the oil market was reopened to the outside world and permitted to woo foreign investment again. To facilitate investment, the law that allowed for foreign participation in the exploration of natural resources, granting a legal right for joint ventures with 30% or greater foreign participation to export 100% of their oil, stipulating only that exploration and extraction licenses be granted on the basis of public bid or auction had been passed. Despite rapid attempts to create a Western-style legal frame work, Russias legal system remained underdeveloped, lacking any serious foundation of contract, property, or corporate law. No Western investor could be confident of how the laws would be interpreted, or on what grounds legal decisions would be made. Tax was also a big problem bothered foreig n investors. The Russian Subcommittee on Taxation acknowledged that taxes absorbed roughly 52% of the gross revenues of petroleum projects or even as high as 75% ...

An Overview of the Top Awards and Honors for Economists

An Overview of the Top Awards and Honors for Economists Not surprisingly, the most prestigious award that a living economist can get is the Nobel Prize in Economics, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The Nobel Prize is, in a lot of ways, a lifetime achievement award, despite the fact that its often awarded to economists well before they retire. Since 2001, the prize itself has been 10 million Swedish kronor, which is equivalent to between $1 million and $2 million, depending on the exchange rate. The Nobel Prize can be split among multiple individuals, and prizes in economics have been shared by up to three people in a given year. (When a prize is shared, it is generally the case that the winners fields of study share a common theme.) Winners of the Nobel Prize are called Nobel Laureates, since in ancient Greece laurel wreaths were used as a sign of victory and honor. Technically speaking, the Nobel Prize in Economics is not a true Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prizes were established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel (upon his death) in the categories of physics, chemistry, literature, medicine and peace. The economics prize is actually named the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel and was established and endowed by Sveriges Riksbank, Swedens central bank, in 1968 on the banks 300th anniversary. This distinction is mostly irrelevant from a practical perspective, since the prize amounts and the nomination and selection processes are the same for the Economics prize as for the original Nobel Prizes. The first Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded in 1969 to the Dutch and Norwegian economists Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch. Many economists have been awarded since then. Only one woman, Elinor Ostrom in 2009, has won a Nobel Prize in Economics. The most prestigious prize awarded specifically to an American economist (or a least an economist working in the United States at the time) is the John Bates Clark Medal. The John Bates Clark Medal is awarded by the American Economic Association to whom it considers to be the most accomplished and/or promising economist under the age of forty. The first John Bates Clark Medal was awarded in 1947 to Paul Samuelson, and, whereas the medal used to be awarded every other year, it has been awarded in April of every year since 2009. Because of the age restriction and the prestigious nature of the award, its only natural that many economists who win the John Bates Clark Medal later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. In fact, about 40 percent of John Bates Clark Medal winners have gone on to win the Nobel Prize, despite the fact that the first Nobel Prize in Economics wasnt awarded until 1969. (Paul Samuelson, the first John Bates Clark Medal recipient, won just the second Nobel Prize in Economics, awarded in 1970.) One other award that carries a lot of weight in the economics world is the MacArthur Fellowship, better known as a genius grant. This award is granted by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, which announces generally between 20 and 30 recipients each year. 850 winners have been chosen between June 1981 and September 2011, and each winner receives a no-strings-attached fellowship of $500,000, paid out quarterly over a five-year period. The MacArthur Fellowship is unique in a number of ways. First, the nominating committee seeks out people in a wide variety of fields rather than focusing on a particular area of study or expertise. Second, the fellowship is awarded to individuals who exhibit a capacity to do creative and meaningful work and is thus an investment in future results rather than simply a reward for past achievement. Third, the nominating process is very secretive and winners are unaware that they are even under consideration until they receive a phone call telling them that theyve won. According to the foundation, over a dozen economists (or economics-related social scientists) have won MacArthur Fellowships, beginning with Michael Woodford in the inaugural year. Interestingly, six MacArthur Fellows (as of 2015) - Esther Duflo, Kevin Murphy, Matthew Rabin, Emmanuel Saez, Raj Chetty, and Roland Fryer- have also won the John Bates Clark Medal. Despite there being significant overlap among the recipients of these three awards, no economist has achieved the triple crown of economics yet.

Assignment paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment paper - Essay Example In this essay, my main focus will be on the critical analysis of my cultural gift giving practices in the U.S and the gift giving practices in the Chinese culture. The U.S gifting season is also the traditional holiday season. This season begins during the Thanksgiving, moving to the Christmas and ends with the New Year Eve. The St. Valentines Day has also been included in this season by the modern media (Gifts and Ideas 1-3). The act of giving gifts to family members, friends and business associates is dictated by the American customs and culture. These are covered by well thought out gifts depending on the occasion. Due to the cultural melting of the American culture, there has been a lot of influence on the other minority ethnic groups in America such as the Hispanics, to also adopt and incorporate the modern American cultural elements of gifting and celebrations within their own cultural celebrations. Various gifts are given by the Americans as gifts to other during various occasions. The most common gifts given out include cards, flowers, food items, gift baskets, chocolates, cakes, wines, spa gifts and perfumes among other. The main reason for giving out these gifts is for appreciation purposes. Gift giving is also a common practice in the American culture during the Christmas period that usually marks the birth of Jesus. During this period, gift giving usually crowns the occasion, and it becomes the most important ritual performed. To begin with, there is the gift giving session done by the parents to their children where the latest gadgets are usually given out to them. Other people also buy different kinds of gifts such as CDs, jewelry, books and gourmet food among other gifts to their relatives, parents and lived ones. Another occasion in America during when gift giving is done much is during the mothers day that usually falls on the second Sunday of May, each year. According to the American culture, mothers should be given

Reporting the Survey on Green Organic Restaurant Research Paper

Reporting the Survey on Green Organic Restaurant - Research Paper Example There are significant challenges pertaining to convincing consumers that Green Organic cafe is introducing a new product, and it is healthy, or it promotes a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the cafe has to direct, shape and focus on how customers will perceive its new product. How customers see an organization’s brand is not just what their eyes see but what they think and feel (Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi 187). Green Organic cafe’s main objective is to promote healthy lifestyle by emphasizing on the quality of their product and the uniqueness of raw food. Presently, the raw food trends have less exposure, and are a well-known lifestyle in other parts of the world. There is lack of knowledge about raw food, in Kazakhstan, which might be a constraining force. A negative impression, which will be harder to change, can be created when clients lack information. Therefore, this survey has the main objective of carrying out a thorough market analysis. The study seeks to find ou t the restaurants and cafes in Almaty that are perceived to serve healthy food. Furthermore, the study seeks to establish the level of efficiency of online shopping service in the food industry in Almaty. The main hypothesis of this study is to establish whether there is a relationship between the perceptions of what healthy food is and accepting the new brand/ product, which is raw food. Another hypothesis is that of establishing whether there is a relationship between efficiency of online shopping service in the food industry and acceptance of new brands. Given that there are no traditional or new media channels that Green Organic cafe has used for promotion, the hypotheses will establish whether there is a relationship between online shopping service in the food industry and acceptance of new products and brands introduced by restaurants that are perceived to serve healthy foo

ICT - Webpage Implementation Essay Example for Free

ICT Webpage Implementation Essay After I pass the design to the manager, he gives me some information about his thoughts. He then wants me to start to create a website for their new game, so I use the software Dream weaver to start these jobs. By using the design part, Ive create a page Home. First I set up the front of the page; it contains some news and an Elf picture, also a flash at the bottom right hand corner. At the right hand side, it got different hyperlinks; First page would reopen the Home again; the Information will go to the second sheet as the person click on it. Theres an extra hyperlink added called Feed Back, this is use for the reader who want to give some opinion about the game and anything else. The second work in Home was the Flash, it has a short movie about the game, and it will play automatically as you enter this page. The flashes were creating as: Then I create a second webpage, Information, it include some information about the game, also some background of the shop. This page have the same set up for all the hyperlinks using the Home design, they will go to the direct page as we click on it. The date of the website will be update every time you look at it. The information of the game we use font times new roman so mostly people can be able to read it. Some more information could be fell in as the game were updated, the empty box under the information were a space for that. The next page I make was called download. In this download page, it got lots of different pictures to download, just have to click on the Show Larger Picture button; it will automatically bring you to a larger size of picture. This is another way of hyperlink, which can put lots of picture but save more spaces. Also, the hyperlink of the sheet was working as properly, they would take you to the place you wanted to be. If you click on Home, it will take you back to the homepage of this website. The next slide I create up was Contact. It got some short information for the company, such as phone number, mobile number, and email address. We may use the information to contact the shop and get more details about any problems we got in the game or so. As you click on the email address it will automatic goes to your email and uses this e-mail address to send a mail out. Also, by using the address given we may go to the shop and then we can be sure of more details of the game. The last page of the website use is the feed back. In this pace the person who visits the site can ask any questions, as they fill in the form. As they can see, the underline part is the area for filling in the information. After all the information and the feed back were fill back in, theres an send button at the bottom right hand corner, which can send the opinions to the staff. After I finish the implementation, I immediately show it to the manager. He looks please to have this normal website. He asked me to check that everything is going to be working properly.

The Relationship Between Eloi and the Morlocks in The Time Machine by H

The Relationship Between Eloi and the Morlocks in The Time Machine by H.G. Wells The Time Machine was inventively written as a social critique of the Victorian Era in 1895 by Herbert George Wells, the father of modern science fiction. Wells used the novel to get the messages across on social and political problems at the time when London was on top of the world. The novel criticized mainly on communism, imperialism, capitalism, as well as Social Darwinism. The Time Machine was an adventurous science fiction novel about a Time Traveler, the inventor of a time machine who traveled to the year 802,701 A.D. In the course of his journey, he saw the degeneration and the separation of mankind through the two evolved species, the Eloi and the Morlocks, in which their relationship and their significance would be explained in this essay. When the Time Machine landed in the future, the Elois were the first creature that the Time Traveler had come across. Their name was from the imitation of the word "Elite" and they were the evolved upper classes, the protagonist, who lived above the ground. The Elois were described as being beautiful, peaceful, and graceful. They had their own language in which the Time Traveler described as having "a strange and very sweet and liquid tongue," (Wells, 25). The Elois only lived on fruits since other kinds of cattle or animals became extinct after they ate each other. According to the Time Traveler, the Elois were small and weak as if they were suffering from tuberculosis. Even though the Eloi seemed to be careless and fearless during the day, they were afraid of the dark in which they called "Dark Night". Du... ...the way. The Time Machine definitely gives an eye-opening experience for the people who were unaware of the result from the separations of the classes in the society especially the problems which were caused by capitalism and imperialism. Through the Time Traveler, H.G. Wells described his "grieved to think how brief the dream of human intellect had been. (Wells, 81). He believed that it committed suicide along the process of degeneration in which he powerfully described in this novel. He successfully criticized the Victorian Era in a way that was entertaining, exciting, and educating. Even if Wells meant for the novel to criticize the certain era, it can still be classically and universally use since this problems still last to these days. Bibliography Wells, H.G. "The Time Machine." London: J.M. Dent, 2002.

Environmental program Essay

Superfund is an environmental program formed to address abandoned hazardous waste sites. It is also established by the amended Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980. The law was enacted in the height of the discovery of dumps of toxic wastes in the 1970. The law permits the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to clean up such hazardous locations and to require responsible companies/persons to do clean up or compensate the government for EPA-initiated cleanups. The Superfund cleanup procedure is intricate. It starts on the assessment of the sites and placing them on the National Priorities List, then conduct cleanups on them. Located at 4109 West Linebaugh Avenue in Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida, the Southern Solvents, Inc. served as a delivery and trade point for tetrachloroethylene. The chemical, which is also known as perchloroethylene or PCE was stored in four aboveground storage tanks in the facility from 1977 to 1985. The facility distributed the chemicals for dry cleaners located within the area. From 1985 to 1989 the facility was leased to P. J. ’s Spa and recently leased to a commercial painting company. The whole property of Southern Solvents, Inc. is about 100 feet wide and 185 feet deep. When the company is still in operations, the aboveground tanks were individually filled from tanker tanks that brought the chemicals to the facility. One former tank had a capacity of 3,000 gallons while the size of the other three is still unknown. It is believed that leaks and spills of tetrachloroethylene happened while the tanks are being filled and emptied. The tetrachloroethylene that spilled and leaked was not contained and eventually goes down into the nearby sandy soil. In 1988, when the facility’s drinking water well and several private drinking wells nearby, it was positive contamination of tetrachloroethylene and related compounds of trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethan. The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services advise instantaneously the residents within the area to stop using water from these wells and supplied bottled water to owners and tenants in the area. The Florida Cites Water Department and the Northwest Hillsborough County Utilities have four wells that draw water from an aquifer within 4 miles of Southern Solvents facility. They provide water supply to more than 46,000 people in St. Petersburg, Hillsborough County, and nearby communities. As early as 1994, EPA conducted preliminary assessment of the site and its threat to the community. On July 27, 2000, Southern Solvents site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL). Various studies then undergoes since the signing of the Superfund Contract that commits the State for 10 percent of the cost for the clean up. Until now, there are only initial steps of chemical oxidation studies and soil vapor extractions are done into the site. Reference: Environmental Protection Agency, Florida. (2009, March 20). Southern Solvents. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www. dep. state. fl. us/waste/quick_topics/publications/ wc/sites/summary/141. pdf Environmental Protection Agency, United States. (2009, January 30). Superfund. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www. epa. gov/superfund/about. htm

Rhetorical Analysis Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay

â€Å"Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.† Those are the words of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Those words will be eternally repeated when discussing the topic of Pearl Harbor. The words contained in this speech show his utter disdain pertaining to the attack on Pearl Harbor. The purpose of President Roosevelt’s â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation† was to educate the nation on what had happened on December 7th. He also wanted to justify his reasons for needing to go to war with the Empire of Japan. Each and every word in this distinguished speech played on the emotions of the american people, and it provided significant support for his purpose. The powerful words Roosevelt used in the address gave strong support that grabbed the American peoples’ attention, and. One convincing statement he makes was when he said, â€Å"The United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.† Roosevelt wanted to be sure that the congress and the nation knew the facts behind the tragedy. In that short statement he informs the people that he had no idea that the attack was coming, in his words the attack came suddenly. He also tries to explain Americas relationship with Japan before the attack in this section, â€Å"The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.† That showed the American people what events had taken place prior to the disaster at Pearl Harbor. He wanted the people to know that he was under the impression that the two nations were at peace, and that they were nowhere near a state of war. Another purpose for the address was that Roosevelt wanted to justify going to war with the Empire of Japan. One such section of the speech was when Roosevelt said, â€Å"The distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued  peace†. Roosevelt tried to make his audience feel appalled by the actions of Japan in that excerpt. He wanted to show the audience that Japan was deliberately misleading the American People into having them believe that all they wanted was to make an effort for peace, when at the same time they were preparing for war. In the speech addressing the nation he stated that after the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor they did not stop their. They continued on to attack neighboring countries and city-states. He tried to convince the audience that not only the lives of the American people were at stake but the lives of surrounding countries that may not be able to defend themselves. â€Å"No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory†, through this passage the president wanted to reassure his audience that if they did in fact go to war the end result would be that America will obtain absolute victory. The President not only wanted to educate the American people on the events that occurred, but he also wanted to reassure them if they did in fact go to war, they would come out victorious. Roosevelt’s striking words helped a nation recover from one of the greatest tragedies in the nation’s history. Roosevelt believed that through his words the nation would hold their ground and beat back any enemy that would come their way.

Essay Topics

Essay Topics Essay Topics Essay Topics Choosing an essay topic may be one of the most difficult parts of the essay writing process. Very often you are asked to write something interesting from you life experience. It is clear that there were a lot of interesting events in your life, but you need to choose the most significant one. Without good essay topic you can't express yourself as a personality. Choosing essay topics is difficult and takes a lot of time. But don't panic and relax. Once you've chosen a topic related to your life's event - check it. Tell somebody why you remember this particular event, how it changed you as a person, how you reacted. If the answers impress your listener you may start writing an essay. While writing an essay, use your own voice, don't let someone else tell you what to write. Tell your story and make the essay to be your own. Your essay should be original, but it doesn't means that you should write about something you don't know. In most cases, the tutor pays more attention to how a student writes covers a topic rather than to a topic itself. Your tutor wants to see fine writing that reflects mature thought, a mastery of the language, clear structure, and a topic that tells something new about you simply because you tell a good story. Essay writing requires grammatical accuracy. Your writing must be understandable, clear and direct. Essay Help If you decided to write about a single event in your life, you should use the narrative structure which can also be chronological. It can be filled with action, dialogue, and subtle details. Write chronologically doesn't mean that you should rattle off a schedule of events. It is better to provide many details about a very specific set of events. The sequence of events will help you to avoid the difficult task of transitioning between paragraphs. Even if the narrative is one of the most effective forms of writing for an essay it can also be rather difficult. Start writing your essay with a brief story, it is one of the most common and effective method. The focus of the essay is usually on the point of view of the narrator. Some students think they need to choose such college essay topic that will amaze the admissions committees. But that's not what colleges are looking for. Instead, they simply want to learn more about who you are and what your way of thinking is. Custom Essay Writing Services There are as many essay topics as there are students in the world.   The imagination of your tutors has no boundaries.   Based on our experience in custom essay writing, we were impressed by some essay topics assigned by the tutors.   It seemed that the given topic was impossible to research.   However, strives to meet the expectations of all customers and write a good essay on any topic.   It is easy to be our customer because you get professionally written custom essay prior to deadline and pay a reasonable price for it.

Destalinization in Soviet Russia

Destalinization in Soviet Russia Destalinization was the process begun by Nikita Khrushchev, following the death of former Russian dictator Joseph Stalin in March 1953, of first discrediting Stalin and then reforming Soviet Russia leading to large numbers being released from imprisonment in Gulags, a temporary thaw in the Cold War, a slight relaxation in censorship and an increase in consumer goods, an era dubbed as ‘The Thaw’ or ‘Khrushchev’s Thaw’. Stalin’s Monolithic Rule In 1917 the Tsarist government of Russia was removed by a series of revolutions, which climaxed at the end of the year with Lenin and his followers in charge. They preached soviets, committees, groups to govern, but when Lenin died a man of bureaucratic genius called Stalin managed to warp the entire system of Soviet Russia around his personal rule. Stalin showed political cunning, but no apparent compassion or morality, and he instituted a period of terror, as every level of society and seemingly every person in the USSR was under suspicion, and millions were sent to Gulag work camps, often to die. Stalin managed to hold on and then win the Second World War because he had industrialized the USSR at vast human cost, and the system was so enshrined around him that when dying his guards daren’t go and see what was wrong with him out of fear. Khrushchev Takes Power Stalin’s system left no clear successor, the result of Stalin actively removing any rivals to power. Even the Soviet Union’s great general of WW2, Zhukov, was shunted into obscurity so Stalin could rule alone. This meant a struggle for power, one which former Commissar Nikita Khrushchev won, with no small amount of political skill himself. The U-Turn: Destroying Stalin Khrushchev didn’t want to continue Stalin’s policy of purge and murder, and this new direction- Destalinization- was announced by Khrushchev in a speech to the Twentieth Party Congress of the CPSU on February 25th , 1956 entitled ‘On the Personality Cult and its Consequences’ in which he attacked Stalin, his tyrannical rule and the crimes of that era against the party. The U-turn shocked those present. The speech was a calculated risk by Khrushchev, who had been prominent in Stalin’s later government, that he could attack and undermine Stalin, allowing non-Stalinist policies to be introduced, without damning himself by association. As everyone high up in Russia’s ruling party also owed their positions to Stalin, there was no one who could attack Khrushchev without sharing the same guilt. Khrushchev had gambled on this, and the turn away from the cult of Stalin to something relatively freer, and with Khrushchev remaining in power, was able to go ahead. Limits There was disappointment, especially in the West, that Destalinization did not lead to greater liberalization in Russia: everything is relative, and we are still talking about an ordered and controlled society where communism was sharply different to the original concept. The process was also reduced with Khrushchev’s removal from power in 1964. Modern commentators are worried by Putin’s Russia and the way Stalin seems to be in a process of rehabilitation.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 135

Summary - Essay Example There were so many restrictions in that Africans had limited movements and could only access limited areas of the states. By 1877, reconstruction was no more because Africans had been separated and thus were considered second-class citizens. These were some of the things that the author explains that had influenced Africans to fight for their positions. During the 1920s, there were lots of negative socio-political perceptions about the blacks. This was readily evident when blacks were stripped off their rights to access medical rights among others after the First World War. They had a rough time fighting for equality and good treatment which however, increased the cultural and social drift. The continuous fight depicts education as an important tool which can shape leadership skills (Lewis, 1987). For instance, W.E.B. Du Bois used such skills in fighting against racism. He supported Pan Africanism since it was in favor of African ideologies in terms of culture, language and ethnicity. Racial and political equality was a major concern by most African Americans. Even though some radical American whites considered it a myth, a good number of them ganged up to help in the fight for equal rights. Washington’s philosophy was a major contributor to African oppression. For this reason, Africans had to rely on paternalism in which the Southern whites offered symphathy. All in all, they had to accept the oppression and admit the superiority of whites. The Africans, while in the south took education seriously, began to save money and made investments. This was the only means through which they could get their equal rights and identity. Even while trying to popularize the African culture, some key aspects must have been forgotten especially the stereotype associated with â€Å"tap dancing Negro† (Lewis, 1987). This was something that most visual artists like Stuart Davies embraced all along. However, African elites considered such a move to be a racial joke since it

Balanced scorecard in restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Balanced scorecard in restaurant - Essay Example s is presently the head chef as well as the owner of the restaurant and with his maverick ideas he has turned it into one of the most exciting restaurants in the entire United States of America. A balanced scorecard is applied to analyze the organization’s current situation. Based on this analysis a problem statement, present challenges, opportunities and possible management solutions are inferred and provided in this paper. Balanced scorecard, a strategic tool, developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton (Value Based Management.net, n.d.).is used effectively in translating a company’s strategy and vision into the reality of implementation. Organization can perform this process of implementation from four different perspectives which include financial perspective, business process perspective, learning and growth perspective and customer perspective (Balanced Scorecard Institute, n.d.). A sound financial health is primary requisite of any business organisation. Therefore it becomes imperative to develop a financial objective and mission before taking the initiatives to achieve those missions and objectives. French Laundry restaurant is a three star restaurant in USA. It is a financially strong organization. Here a normal dinar costs almost 1500 dollar and people are found to be very much comfortable with this price (Sutton, R. January 13, 2009). However with USA being one of the most affected countries in the present recession, French Laundry’s current financial goals should therefore include cost reduction, growth and maximizing profit. Achievement of the Goals can be measured by comparing costs and profits of two consecutive years. Customer is another important element for any business organization. Present management philosophy is based on the fact that customer is the king in the market. An Organization not only needs to retain its existing customers but also to attract new customers in order to enjoy a sustainable growth. Strategies regarding

Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Language Development - Essay Example ing process, the young, impressionable children not only learned the three R’s, but also developed holistic personalities, by internalizing knowledge into awareness, wisdom, rigorous denial and self-discipline. The Gurus not only taught them the Holy Scriptures, but also the manner of living and leading virtuous, noble and beneficial lives. This process ensured that the children became worthy citizens in their later lives. When the learning environment in the house is conducive to studying, and the parents of the child are themselves well educated, the child would be in a position to imbibe the teachings of the parents quickly and learn fast. Similarly, the child’s friends and neighbours also play a very important part since the influence of the friends and relatives with whom the child is interacting plays an important role in moulding his future personality. If the friends and neighbours are well-trained and intelligent children, coming from respectable and well- to-do families, it will be seen that the child would be able to pick up good learning habits from early years itself, which would sustain him in his later life. The formative years of the child, that is the period between 4 – 12 years are very crucial for the child, and whatever good inputs and reading habits are acquired by the child would stand him in later life including his learning habits and writing skills. Thus, it is s een that the situations that foster early language developments could be seen in terms of the parental influence, including that of early teachers, governesses, friends and relatives. If these were well attuned to nurturing and nourishing the child’s natural curiosity, forming good learning and reading habits, it would foster his language skills. Moreover, it is also necessary to build good reading, writing and recitation skills that could be â€Å"validated by research and practice while delivering the basis of all major aspects of research work.† (Gunning,

Person Job Fit Versus Person Organization Fit

Person Job Fit Versus Person Organization Fit This report reviews the recent developments of the research on Person-Organization fit (P-O) and Person-Job fit (P-J). These are the two most extensively studied fits in context of employee selection. In this report the concepts of P-O P-J have been discussed reaching a conclusion that P-J fit is considered important during the earlier stages (screening stage) of selection whereas P-O fit is a necessity in later stages (interviews etc) of selection process of an employee. INTRODUCTION The theory of Person-Environment (PE) assumes that positive responses occur when individuals tend to fit or match the environment. For example, When a good fit exists in between person environment, PE fit theories of vocational choice propose occurrence of high satisfaction, mental physical well-being when there is good fit (Dawis Lofquist, 1984; Holland, 1997). Extensive research supports the proposition that individuals are satisfied with and adjust most easily to jobs that are congruent with their own career-relevant personality types. PE-fit is conceptualized as a general term, under which fall more specific notions of fit. In the recruitment and selection domain, two common forms of fit identified are Person-Job Fit This is a match between an individual requirements of a specific job. Companies often pursue that person-job fit so as to match the applicants knowledge and skills to the requirements of specific job openings and focus on an applicants ability to perform right away without any training. Person-Organization Fit This is match between an individual broader organizational attributes. Companies while pursuing P-O fit focus on how well individuals fit with values of their company culture. They tend to emphasis on hiring people with an ability to work co-operate with other employees in the company. Person-Job fit Conceptualization The concept of person-job fit is the traditional foundation for employee selection (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). The primary concern was limited to finding applicants with the right skills abilities for a available job in the organization. PJ fit is conceptualized as the match between individual knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) and demands of the job or the needs/desires of an individual and what is provided by the job (Edwards, 1991; OReilly, Chatman, Caldwell, 1991). Based on realistic job previews, accurate and realistic job information enables applicants to assess the degree of congruence between their KSA and the job requirements (i.e. PJ fit; Breaugh, 1992; Breaugh Starke, 2000). Applicants who perceive a fit between their KSA and the job requirements are probable to remain in the selection process and accept a job offer. RJP research has shown that accurate and realistic job information during recruitment and selection is associated with positive work outcomes (e.g. low attrition from recruitment process, high job satisfaction, low voluntary turnover, high work performance). From its very simple inception evolving out of scientific management , the P-J Fit determination process increasingly gained sophistication with identification of both statistically reliable valid processes that can be used to measure P-J fit. Operationalizations of P-J Fit The operational aspect of P-J Fit focuses on needs-supplies and demand-abilities perspective (Edwards, 1991). Therefore, P-J fit can be defined as the fit between desires of a person vs attributes of a job OR abilities of a person vs demands of a job. This needs-supplies and demand-abilities fit are extended conceptualizations of complementary fit. Supplementary fit does not apply to P-J fit as it is concerned to the person only not the job. In employee selection practices, strategies used to assess P-J fit include tests, reference checks, resumes a variety of other selection tools (Werbel Gulliland, 1999). Outcomes of P-J Fit Employee selection process in most organization has traditionally focused on achieving P-J Fit (Werbel Gulliland, 1999). Another contributor establishing P-J fit is job design strategy backed by organization entry (Brosseau, 1984). Considerable evidences show that a high level of P-J fit has positive outcomes. P-J fit literature by Edwards (1991) identified low stress in job, attendance, retention, performance and job satisfaction are outcomes positively affected by P-J fit. Researchers demonstrated that structured validated procedures for determining P-J fit have led to more effective selection of employees when compared to unstructured techniques Person-Organisation Fit Conceptualization P-O fit can be defined as compatibility between people organizations (Kristof, 1996). With regards to employee selection research, P-O fit can be conceptualized as the match between an applicant boarder organizational attributes. The key to maintain the flexible committed work force, which is necessary in a competitive and tight labor market, is P-O fit. The P-O fit research can be traced back to Schneiders (1987) ASA framework (Attraction-Selection-Attrition). As per Schneider, persons are always on the look out for situations attractive to them rather than fit any assigned situation. Schneider argued that an organization can be considered as a situation, which implies that people can be attracted to it, be selected to be a part of it, remain if they have good P-O fit or leave the organization incase there is no good fit. Operationalizations OF P-O fit There has been an ongoing debate regarding the operationalizations of the P-O construct. Kristof (1996) review of P-O fit literature identified four operationalizations of P-O fit. Measuring the similarity between basic characteristics of people and organizations. The way to measure this to check the congruence between individual organizational values Goal congruence with organizational leaders Match between individual preferences or needs organizational structures and systems. This operationalization of P-O fit reflect the need-supplies fit curve. Match between individual characteristics of individual personality organizational climate or organizational personality. Organizational Climate is often operationalized in terms of supplies such as rewards systems or communication formats. This point takes into account both the supplementary need-supplies fit perspectives. Outcomes Of PO Fit According to Schneiders ASA framework, the attraction between persons organizations are based on their similarity. This affect the job choice approach of a applicant hiring decisions in organizations. Empirical evidence supports the fact that both applicant job-choice behavior organizations hiring practices are antecedents of P-O Fit. From the entry point, individuals organization socializations practice contributes to P-O fit. Empirical evidences support fact (Chatman, 1991) High level of this fit can be related to positive outcomes. P-O fit can be tied to job satisfaction organization commitment This fit could predict intention of quit turnover (Chatman, 1991 ; OReilly et al., 1991) and was also related to citizenship behaviours (OReilly Chatman, 1986), contextual performance and self reported teamwork. High level of P-O fit may have positive or negative organizational level outcomes (Schneider, 1987). Relationship between P-O fit P-J Fit P-O fit P-J fit are distinct constructs conceptually. Many researchers have reported have reported low correlations between actual PO Fit an P-J fit (OReilly et al., 1991 ; Higgins, 2000) and perceived P-O fit P-J fit(Kristof-Brown, 2001). Factor analysis proved that the job applicants and recruiters could identify or distinguish P-O P-J fit ( Kristof-Brown, 2000). Kristof Brown (2000) came to a conclusion recruiters perceived P-O P-J were different in terms of antecedents they offered unique prediction of employers hiring recommendations. Lauver Kristof -Brown (2001) found that employees P-O fit could predict his intention to quit performance than the P-J fit. Both these fits directly affected new employees outpu including stress, job satisfaction turnover. P-J had the most impact on work attitudes followed by P-O fit. - P-O fit P-J In Employee Selection Employee selection can divided into two different approaches : prescriptive descriptive. The prescriptive type of approach aim at points what managers should do in getting the right candidate. This approach usually focuses on the criteria-related valuation of the main concept as the predictor domain. The descriptive approach concentrates on the part what managers actually do in their selection procedures. They describe how the focal concept works out in the actual process. Prescriptive Descriptive approaches for P-O P-J fit in selection process can be summarized as follows. Prescriptive Approach In Selection Traditionally, the selection process was bend on achieving P-J fit (e.g American organizations). Both practitioners researchers suggested that P-J fit is becoming less important when compared to others fits. The challenges they faced from P-J fit were the extended criterion domain predictor factor (Werbel Gilliland, 1999). Borman Motwildo (1993) were of the opinion that selection of a candidate should be associated with organization effectiveness. Distinguishing task contextual performance should be done. Researchers identified many similar concepts with regards to contextual performance such as pro-social behavior, extra role behavior organizational citizenship behavior. Based on these findings, they suggested decisions on hiring needs to go beyond P-J fit, taking into consideration the expanded criterion domain. The arguments for expanded criterion domain can be summarized as follows. First the Employers should be aware that the hired employees will hold multiple tasks over the period of his employment. This leads to disagreement with the fact of an employee doing a specific job as mention in P-J fit. Second point to which they stressed was in selection of an applicant by a manager should be based on applicants compliance with values vision of the organization. Third, P-J fit has some ideas of jobs themselves. In an expanded criterion domain, teamwork flexibility should be taken into consideration while selecting a employee. With these limitations in P-J fit for employee selection, most practitioner researchers suggest use of P-O Fit in selection of an employee. As high levels of P-J P-O fit leads to positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, performance organizational commitment, both P-J P-O should be included in the selection process. Using P-J fit in the initial selection process using P-O Fit in the latter or final stages of selection of an employee would be ideal. Descriptive Approach on Fit in Selection These days despite the extensive focus on P-J fit for a selection process, many researchers argue that key elements of P-O fit has been included (Chatman, 1989). One the most used selection method for assessing an applicant is Interviewing. Managers are very keen on conducting them as they feel it to be the best way of selecting candidates who appear to fit to the organization. Prior to interviews, applicants are selected for interview with P-J fit evaluations. During the interview, managers usually focus the applicants P-O fit. Based on theories , researchers always emphasis that P-O fit plays a major role at later stages of employment selection than in the earlier stages (Kristof-Brown, 2000 ). Though the argument is reasonable, we are not sure about the later stages of selection process in a organization. Possibility of weighing P-J fit more than P-O fit by managers should be also taken into consideration. CONCLUSION To conclude, as high levels of P-J P-O fit leads to positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, performance organizational commitment, both P-J fit P-O fit elements should be included in the selection process of an employee. Considering P-J fit during the earlier or initial stages of selection measuring the P-O fit during the later stages of selection process of an employee would be ideal.

The Jump :: First Person Narrative Examples

Anxiety took over my body as I prepared to jump. The 80 foot waterfall looming atop Turner Falls seemed to be challenging me, beckoning me to come and attempt to plunge from the rock into the waterfall to try to endure the pressure as the water knocked me straight down into the deep waters and jagged rocks which awaited below. I waited with an eager excitement thinking that if I could take this plunge, I would really be able to swim with those I saw as the "big fish." Waiting on that rock I had no idea that the events following my wait would change that jump from being something I so much desired into something I would be grateful to never personally experience. Ahead of me in line were two brothers, one 14 years old and the other 17. They were both tall and thin with caramel colored skin. They had wiry black hair and dark brown eyes and continually chattered back and forth to each other and their many other brothers and sisters in Spanish. With an inability to swim, the brothers jumped in with nothing to aid them but faith that the waters would push them out into shallow safety. The two went under and a fanatic frenzy broke out when random bystanders watching on the sides realized that the boys were not coming up. The lifeguards began frantically blowing their whistles and screaming at everyone, "Get out of the water! Everybody! Out! Now!" With no knowledge of the severity of what was going on, I was almost in a state of confusion as I looked to the side and saw my mother screaming at me to get off the rock. Needless to say, I went to my mother and within seconds the water was empty, except for the two boys who lay below the surface. One brother was retrieved from the water in only a few moments, not smooth and with ease, as I expected from what I'd seen on television, but with severe difficulty, as if he was 1000 pounds of dead weight. The other was nowhere to be found. In a desperate search, the breathless and scared lifeguards came over to the crowd, which had formed aside the water. "Do we have any divers in the crowd? Please? Anybody with any experience at all please we need your help." After over 15 minutes of searching and scrambling, finally the second brother was pulled from the water from a spot directly under the waterfall, 19 feet beneath the surface.

Animal Farm Essay

The novel Animal Farm was cleverly written by George Orwell to make fun of the Russian government. Orwell made all of the events in the book relate to an event during the Russian revolution. The rebellion in George Orwell’s Animal Farm represents the Russian revolution during the reign of Joseph Stalin. This novel is an allegory that can be taken as a children’s book or a book with a serious political opinion. George Orwell was born in India in 1903 to the name Eric Arthur Blair. He was a very opinionated man who despised political lying. Orwell strongly believed in a form of government called socialism. He moved to England an attended Eton college. Shortly after, he moved back to India and joined the Indian Imperial Police for five years. After doing a variety of jobs around France he started to write articles until beginning to write his books. In the sources I used the definition of the Russian Revolution is â€Å"Russian Revolution, violent upheaval in Russia in 1917 that overthrew the czars government.† In the novel the rebellion of the animals was a violent upheaval on Manor Farm that overthrew Mr. Jones. Orwell’s point in writing this novel was to show the stupidity and flaws of the Russian government and the stupidity of the events that took place in the time period of the rise of communism. The main events that happen in the novel go word for word to what major events took place during Porter 2 the rise of Joseph Stalin. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin took the words of the beloved Karl Marks and used them to gain power for his own doing. The same thing happened in Animal Farm when Napoleon used the words of Old Major to start his own Revolution. George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a story about rebellion. The farm animals rebel against Mr. Jones, the farm owner, because of neglect. When the animals chase out Mr. and Mrs. Jones, the animals immediately rejoice. The pigs gain control of the farm. They soon forget the real meaning of â€Å"Animalism† and the other animals cannot tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. Orwell’s Animal Farm parallels the characters, events, and socialism of the Russian Revolution. The characters in Animal Farm favor the main personalities of the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones is a reflection of Czar Nicholas II, who lost control of his reign by rapid industrialization. The rebellion in the novel mirrors the R ussian revolution. The windmill is a symbol for Stalin’s Five-Year plan. Just a windmill was promised to make the animal’s life easier. The Five-Year Plan was supposed to improve Soviet industry to the point that the people’s life would be made easier. Stalin also thought that the Five Year Plan would increase production and allow the soviets to shorten the workweek. And just like the windmill, and Stalin’s plan was an utter failure. After the destruction of the Windmill, the Animals decided to build another one. Just like how Stalin kept churning out new Five-year Plans. Always promising that each new plan would solve all of Russia’s problems. The same as Porter 3  when Napoleon kept on making up plans that would benefit him in the long run. It all started when the hens refused to give their eggs up to the pigs. Napoleon then decided to starve them until they change their minds. Several of the hen’s die, and the rest simply give up. Soon after, Napoleon calls a general meeting. The dogs drag out several pigs. The pigs confess that they were working with Snowball and Mr. Frederick, and a moment later the dogs tear their throats out. After that, the same thing happens with the surviving hens from the rebellion. At the end, there is a pile of corpses by Napoleons feet. What we have here is a nightmare that mirrors to the Great Purge. The Great Purge took place between 1936 and 1938. Working to eliminate every last trace of the people Stalin had executed or sent to Gulag labor camps. Many of those who died, died because they claimed association with Leon Trotsky. Estimates of how many died in the purges ranges from about 500,000 up to 2 million. Stalin and Napoleon were evil men. Orwell was a very clever man. He had a lot of ideas on how government should be run. He also was a very talented writer. Using those skills he crafted the novel our class read Animal Farm. This novel could be read at an elementary level or at a high school level with a huge political perspective. Orwell cleverly used the story of animals taking over a farm to make fun of the communist government. In doing so he included the events as told in my past paragraphs. The Russian Revolution, Stalin’s Five-Year Plan, and The Great Purge. All events secretly mentioned in the form of a children’s fable. Orwell was truly a clever man.

Media ethics in advertising

Media ethics is defined as, the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about the conduct of dealing with particular ethical principles applied by the media organizations, while advertising ethics is an emotional process that is normally applied by the media organizations to reach the general public, with a core objective of creating persuasion to the audiences to take a particular action on a particular product or event being advertised.Although there are no laws governing the communication process carried out by most advertising agencies, the media organisation pursuing the advertisements are basically regulated by the self organisation so as to ,maintain the standards and reputation of the media organisation to the public. The advertising media may include; advertising agencies, news papers, films, television stations and radio stations depending on the preferences of the product manufactures.[1]In this case, we find that most businessmen use the media as their mea ns of promoting their products to the market, through advertising, which is said to increase the audiences’ need for consuming particular products that are presented by the media, and its through this advertising that the society is notified of the presence of a new product in the market, we see that once a product is bought, another product emerges in the market. Therefore, advertising is used to influence the decision making process of a particular audience to purchase a particular product due to desires created by the media through its attractive presentation of the products quality.In this case, the audiences are said to be a major factor in median advertising communication, since it is through the audiences that the conveying and sourcing of information by the media for business organizations is made successful. The media itself regards the audience as being passive in the interpretation of media messages. And it is in this messages that the media gets the power to influ ences the audience. These audiences can be noticed by the specific needs that are always specific, whereby they are forced to look upon the media so as they can derive their satisfaction.[2]The audiences are therefore, forced to tolerate various advertising information done by the media depending on their desire to fulfill their specified needs.   Personality under this, we find that the audience have the urge of using the advertisements on the media wanting to compare themselves with other people in the society, or even compare their lifestyle and situations with others so that they can identify their status in the society, therefore they are forced to watch, read or listen to particular media items despite the fact that they are adverts.The need for dependency makes the audience to be looking upon the media to be given information about the events taking place and the products present in the market globally, so they have to tolerate the messages by the media so as they get the i nformation about a particular event taking place. In this case we find that the audience read, listen and interpret the message depending on their socio-economic class, gender, age, education and their ethnic backgrounds, in this manner we find that they are influenced by the media to carry out a particular action or even to copy the concepts of life shown in the message that is put across to them through advertisements.We see that the audience is made aware of the product and how they are to obtain it. Awareness is a stage where a consumer or the audience must have the knowledge of the existence of a particular product in the market, this is because, if a buyer is not aware of the product then there will be no action taken on the purchasing process and the business owner is likely to undergo losses due to lack of the market for its product. The media also creates interest to the audience about a particular product, he intends to buy, and therefore, he is persuaded by the content of the message presented by the media that the product is relevant to his needs.[3]Through the media, understanding is imposed on the audience whereby, the consumer should be able to know how the particular product will meet his needs, thus the media includes the benefits and the procedures of using a particular product, under this, and the media practices its role of educating its audience. Media ethics plays a major role in the creation of attitude of the audiences; under this, the consumer must be able to develop a positive feeling towards the product, depending on the persuasive message given by the media about the product. And finally we see that the audience is led to the purchase of the product, although it may take some time later after trying to get the shop that stocks the favorite this also enriches both the business and the media when the goods are sold.So, most media houses take this advantage of their presentation of the product to give various products false information so that, it may get its awareness by the audience. We find the advertisers use various methods to influence the society at large, this include:Disinformation is the passing of false information by the media. This act include   the giving out of counterfeit information or photographs   about a particular product, with an intention of misleading the audience by convincing them to believe the untruth statements, so that they engage in a particular activity so as the source of the particular information may benefit.This practice is not only practiced by the business owners, but it is also used by various political leaders and the government, who influence the media organizations to disseminate certain information that is meant to undermine other leaders in the government and through this, we find that the audience are led to take an action depending on the message given to them by the media who are surely, aware that the information included in the advertisement is not true.   Th is is usually referred to as false advertising in which the advertising agencies use a deliberate untrue statement to gain a profitable advantage; under this many consumers are persuaded to engage in business transactions or activities that will fulfill the need of the advertisement.[4]The business owners are said to using the following methods to influence the consumers to purchase their products this includes: Pricing Methods; this is the most applied practice by most business owners, it is said to be the prime way to deceit consumers into paying more than the advertised price, we find that, they advertise a particular sale price and when one gets to the shop he finds that the price is not the exact advertised price in the media.The other method applied by the business men is the introductory offer, this applied only for a period of time, where we see that when a new product is brought into the market, there is always an introductory offer to the consumers and after the expiry of the introductory time, the consumers who had accepted the first offer are not noticed on the changes and they are found to be buying the products thus benefiting the producers. The intention for this is to have the consumers to get used to the first offer whereby they continue buying the products without the knowledge of an increase in the price; this practice is usually used on the selling of electronic appliances.The other deceptive method used by the advertisers is the; misrepresentation; this is a situation where, a particular product is given some descriptive values that it actually doesn’t carry, this is mainly used to mislead the consumers that a particular product posses, an example of this is the case where most consumers were misled by a message showing that a higher level of animal care is provided, than was actually the case by the United Egg Producers’ logo on egg cartons   which said â€Å"Animal Care Certified† [5]Other producers are better know n for misleading their consumers by the use of over sizing and under sizing the packages of the products, we find that most of the packages are packed leaving some vacant spaces at the top, this is basically found in products that are normally packed in cans and this character is not noticed until it is purchased and opened by the consumer, this is mostly deceptive where the consumer is convinced that the weight and size of the product is worth the money he is paying for the product.This method is deceptive in a manner that we find that the packaging is of the same size but it carries a less product than before. Thus the consumers continue buying the products knowing that the quantity of the product is still the same as it was in the beginning, and the unethical practices appears when the label on the product is changed to be a sign of the new amount of the product, but it is always presented in a manner that is not easily noticeable.Sexuality is another concept used by most busines ses whereby, it is argued that this method is the most effective for drawing the consumers’ immediate interest, holding it and, in the long run, introducing a product that associates with that interest created by the media. In this case we find that various images of pretty women are related to an advertisement which does not accurately connect with the characteristics of the product being advertised.This method is normally used in advertising cosmetic products, whereby the display of sexual acts are highly said to be explicit to the consumers thus enhancing attractive features of the products. The sex appeal may be presented in an electronic media such as the radio, where there is a limitation on visual activities; therefore the advertisers opt to use a voice that reveals a particular emotion after the use of the particular good, while in print and television media the use of sexual images is exclusively used.[6]  Though this advertising may also have some negative impacts on the audience whereby, we may find that the person may not be able to fulfill the desires created in him on the purchasing of that particular good due to the economic status of the audience, then the person ends up creating anxiety, stress and frustration depending on the kind of information given by the media. The media organizations and the business owners are advised to be loyal to its audience and the consumers of their particular products so that they can keep the ethical standards and reputation of their organizations.ReferencesCouldry, N. and Curran, J. (2003): Contesting Media Power, Alternative media in aNetworked world, Lanham and Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield.Christians, C. G. et al. (2004): Media Ethics, Cases & Moral Reasoning; 7th Edn: New York, Allyn and Bacon.Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W. (2000): Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences,Second Edition, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press.Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5 th edition: New York, McGraw HillRichards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20.[1] Richards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20. [2] Richards, J. I. (1990): Deceptive Advertising; Erlbaum at p. 20. [3] Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5th   edition: New York, McGraw Hill [4] Patterson, P. L.   and Wilkins, C. (2004): Media Ethics, Issues & Cases, 5th   edition: New York, McGraw Hill [5] Couldry, N. and Curran, J. (2003): Contesting Media Power, Alternative media in a Networked world, Lanham and Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield. [6] Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W. (2000): Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences, Second Edition, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press.

Sample Final Econ Essay Example

Sample Final Econ Essay Example Sample Final Econ Paper Sample Final Econ Paper A unapologetically competitive industry is characterized by a. NY firms, differentiated products, and barriers to entry. B. Many firms, differentiated products, and free entry. A few firms, identical products, and free entry. D. A few firms, differentiated products, and barriers to entry. 3. If the rent for apartments in New York City were fixed below the current price, then we would expect a. An increase in the number of people wanting to rent apartments in New York City. B. A decrease in the number of people wanting to rent apartments in New York City. C. An increase in the number of apartments available for rent in New York City. D. None of the above is correct. 4. If an increase in income results in a decrease in the quantity demanded off good, then for that good, the a. Cross-price elasticity of demand is negative. Price elasticity of demand is elastic. Income elasticity of demand is negative. Income elasticity of demand is positive. 5. If two goods are complements, their cross-price elasticity will be a. Positive. Negative. Equal to the difference between the income elasticity of demand for the two goods. 6. Which of these assumptions is often realistic for a firm in the short run? A. The firm can vary both the size of its factory and the number of workers it employs. The firm can vary the size of its factory but not the number of workers it employs. C. The firm can vary the number of workers it employs but not the size of its factory. D. The firm can vary neither the size of its factory nor the number of workers it employs. 7. A production function describes how a firm maximizes profits. How a firm turns inputs into output. The minimal cost of producing a given level of output. The relationship between cost and output. Table 13-1 Number of Workers Total Output Marginal Product 2 3 50 4 8. Refer to Table 13-1. What is total output when 1 worker is hired? . 120 160 9. On a 100-acre farm, a farmer is able to produce 3,000 bushels of wheat when he hires 2 workers. He is able to produce 4,400 bushels of wheat when he hires 3 workers. Which of the following possibilities is consistent with the property of diminishing marginal product? A. The farmer is able to produce 5,600 bushels of wheat when he hires 4 workers. B. The farmer is able to produce 5,800 bushels of wheat when he hires 4 workers. C. The farmer is able to produce 6,000 bushels of wheat when he hires 4 workers. D. Any of the above could be correct. Table 13-5 Number of Workers Output ,oho 2,000 2,700 3,200 5 3,500 6 3,600 1,000 units. 00 units. 700 units. 500 units. Figure 13-10 1 1 . Refer to Figure 13-10. The three average total cost curves on the diagram labeled TACT , TACT, and TACT most likely correspond to three different a. Time horizons. Products. Firms. Factory sizes. Table 13-14 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms. Quantity Firm A Firm B 200 Firm C 300 1,500 12. Refer to Table 13-14. Which firm is experiencing discomposes of scale? Firm A only Firm B only Firm C only Firm A and Firm B only 13. Suppose you make Jewelry. If the price of gold falls, then we would expect you to a. E willing and able to produce less Jewelry than before at each possible price. B. Be willing and able to produce more Jewelry than before at each possible price. C. Face a greater demand for your Jewelry. Face a weaker demand for your Jewelry. 14. Workers at a bicycle assembly plant currently earn the mandatory minimum wage. If the federal government increases the minimum wage by $1. 00 per hour, then it is likely that the a. Demand for bicycle assembly workers will increase. Supply of bicycles will shift to the right. Supply of bicycles will shift to the left. Rim must increase output to maintain profit levels. 5. A improvement in production technology will shift the supply curve to the right. Supply curve to the left. Demand curve to the right. Demand curve to the left. 16. If a good is inferior, then an increase in income will result in a. An increase in the demand for the good. A decrease in the demand for the good. A movement down and to the right along the demand curve for the good. D. A movement up and to the left along the demand curve for the good. 17. Suppose that a decrease in the price of good X results in fewer units of good Y being demanded. This implies that X and Y are a. Complementary goods. Aroma goods. Inferior goods. Substitute goods. 18. Suppose the American Medical Association announces that men who shave their heads are less likely to die of heart failure. We could expect the current demand for a. Hair gel to increase. Razors to increase. Combs to increase. Shampoo to increase. 19. You love peanut butter. You hear on the news that 50 percent of the peanut crop in the South has been wiped out by drought and that this will cause the price of peanuts to double by the end of the year. As a result, your demand for peanut butter a. Ill increase but not until the end of the year. Increases today. Shifts left today. 20. Ford Motor Company announces that next month it will offer $3,000 rebates on new Mustangs. As a result of this information, todays demand curve for Mustangs a. Shifts to the right. Shifts to the left. Shifts either to the right or to the left, but we cannot determine the direction of the shift from the given information. D. Will not shift; rather, the demand curve for Mustangs will shift to the right next month. Table 4-3 Price Berets Demanded Ermines Groves Scars $0. 00 20 16 8 $0. 50 18 12 $1. 00 14 10 $1. 50 2. 00 $2. 50 21. Refer to Table 4-3. If these are the only four buyers in the market, then the market quantity demanded at a price of $1 is a. 4 units. 7. 75 units. 14 units. 31 units. 22. Suppose that gasoline prices increase dramatically this month. Lola commutes 100 miles to work each weekday. Over the next few months, Lola drives less on the weekends to try to save money. Within the year, she sells her home and purchases one only 10 miles from her place of employment. These examples illustrate the importance of a. The availability of substitutes in determining the price elasticity of demand. B. Stickiest versus a luxury in determining the price elasticity of demand. C. The definition of a market in determining the price elasticity of demand. D. The time horizon in determining the price elasticity of demand. 23. Holding all other forces constant, if decreasing the price of a good leads to an increase in total revenue, then the demand for the good must be a. Unit elastic. Inelastic. Elastic. None of the above is correct because a price increase always leads to an increase in total revenue. 24. Which of the following statements about oligopolies is not correct? A. An oligopolies market has only a few sellers. The actions of any one seller can have a large impact on the profits of all other sellers. C. Oligopolies firms are interdependent in a way that competitive firms are not. D. Unlike monopolies and unapologetically competitive markets, oligopolies prices do not exceed their marginal revenues. 25. A group of firms that act in unison to maximize collective profits is called unapologetically competitive industry. Monopoly. Cartel. 26. A movie theater can increase its profits through price discrimination by charging a higher price to adults and a lower price to children if it a. N prevent children from buying the lower-priced tickets and selling them to adults. Has some degree of monopoly pricing power. Can easily distinguish between the two groups of customers. All of the above are correct. 27. A monopoly is an inefficient way to produce a product because a. It can earn both short-run and long-run profits. It faces a downward-sloping demand curve. The cost to the monopolist of producing one more unit exceeds the value of that unit to potential buyers. D. It produces a smaller level of output than would be produced in a competitive market.

Critical Investagtion of the importance of Computer security (SME) within Business The WritePass Journal

Critical Investagtion of the importance of Computer security (SME) within Business Critical Investagtion of the importance of Computer security (SME) within Business INTRODUCTIONREFERENCESRelated ABSTRACT The development of computer system has revolutionised business firms in the world. Business firms virtually rely on computer systems in storing information which is a very vital resource in any business because it is the success of the business. However, the safety of the computer systems needs to be ensured considering the importance and relevance of the information stored in it. One of the most important barricades in the success of the use of computers in business firms, most especially in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME) is the negligence to computer security. Over the years, it has been discovered that small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are more prone to potential intruders than the larger enterprise due to common and vast knowledge of popular operating systems and application software’s (e.g. MySQL Database and Microsoft respectively). The internet has created opportunities in the implementation of innovative business applications such as electronic commerce, electronic data interchange and inter-organisational systems (Sousa, KJ et al. 2005), which has kept both business firms and customers vulnerable to threats. We will critically outline the various computer threats in our introduction chapter. Computer security threats keeps multiplying and is still expected to multiply [4]. Taking all of those into consideration, the importance of computer security in business (SME) cannot be over emphasized. Accordingly, the general purpose of this academic write-up is to outline the importance of computer security in business; basically in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME). First and foremost, we would critically define computer security, the various kinds of computer threats and their respective security measures. Also, we would explain what SME is all about, some examples of SME and the use of computer in SME. At last, we would critically outline the importance of computer security in business (SME). INTRODUCTION The basis of computer security comprises of the reply to the question â€Å"What is computer security†. The word â€Å"Security† means to protect or could mean to freedom or prevention from danger, risk or damage. Therefore, computer security which is also referred to as Information Security can be defined as the protection of data and information in a system from or against authorized users or recipients. In other words, computer security is the ability of the computer system to guard data and information against intruders, unauthorized users or malicious users with confidentiality and integrity. Furthermore, computer security is broken down into an acronym CIA which describes the basic goals of computer security and its aim is to protect the data and the system processing the data. The acronym means Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Confidentiality ensures that data and information is kept away from intruders, unauthorized users or malicious users but yet still made available to those users who are authorized to access the data and information. This is also applied to the system processing the data, the network and other devices that are in the network and the computer system itself. Most times, these data are classified into three (3) levels. Some data are classified as public which means that anyone can access the data; some data are classified as company property which means that only users within the company can access the data and while some data is classified at the government level such as top-secret data which is only accessible by users within the government. To ensure the confidentiality of data and information, some security measures are implemented known as â€Å"Controls† such as authentication controls, encryption controls, etc. Integrity ensures that the data and information in the computer system has not been tampered or altered by intruders, unauthorized users or malicious users and even the authorized users. It guarantees that the data and information has not been changed or destroyed either accidentally or intentionally by intruders, unauthorized users or malicious users. It also ensures that the data and information remains in its authorized state or form. In order to ensure the integrity of data and information, several measures such as hashing or encryption, auditing is implemented. Availability ensures that data/information and systems are made available to only authorized users for use. It protects the authorized users from all sorts of events that may not allow them access to the system and data in the system e.g. accidental events and malicious events. In order to protect the availability of data, some measures are implanted such as backups, server clusters, and redundant systems. Other terminologies associated with computer security are â€Å"Vulnerability† and â€Å"Threat†. Every part of a network such as the computer, people, network devices, operating systems, etc. have unique weaknesses which is called Vulnerability. In order words, vulnerability is a weakness in computer systems. Vulnerability can be exploited. Exploiting vulnerability is the use of weaknesses in diminishing the system security. Therefore, an action taken to exploit against vulnerability by unauthorized or malicious users is known as Threat. Threats can be natural or man-made, intentional or accidental, technology.  Ã‚  Ã‚   REFERENCES David A. Bradbard, Dwight R. Norris, Paramjit H. Kahai 1990, Computer Security in Small Business: An Empirical Study, Journal of Small Business Management, vol 28. Sousa, Kenneth J; MacDonald, Laurie E; Fougere, Kenneth T 2005, Computer Security in the Introductory Business Information Systems Course: An Exploratory Study of Textbook Coverage, Journal of Education for Business, vol 81, p. 15.

Bio of Ma Rainey, Influential Early Blues Singer

Bio of Ma Rainey, Influential Early Blues Singer Born Gertrude Pridgett, Ma Rainey (April 26, 1886 - December 22, 1939) was one of the first blues singers to record music. Nicknamed the â€Å"Mother of the Blues,† she recorded more than 100 singles, including the hits â€Å"Prove it on Me Blues,† â€Å"See See Rider Blues,† and â€Å"Don’t Fish in My Sea.† Fast Facts: Ma Rainey Occupation: Blues singerNickname: Mother of the BluesBorn: 1882 or 1886 in either Russell County, Alabama, or Columbus, GeorgiaParents: Thomas and Ella PridgettDied: Dec. 22, 1939 in Columbus, GeorgiaTop Songs: Prove it on Me Blues, See See Rider Blues, Don’t Fish in My Sea, Bo-Weavil BluesKey Accomplishments: 1990 Rock Roll Hall of Fame inductee, 1990 Blues Foundation Hall of Fame Inductee, 1994 US postage stamp honoree Early Years Gertrude Pridgett was the second child born to minstrel show performers Thomas and Ella Pridgett. Her birthplace is often listed as Columbus, Ga., and her birth year is widely reported as 1886. However, census records indicate that the singer was born September 1882 in Russell County, Alabama. Her singing career took off during her early teens. Like many African Americans, she honed her musical skills in church. By 1900, she was singing and dancing in Georgia’s Springer Opera House, now a National Historic Landmark. A number of artists have performed at the theater, including Buffalo Bill, John Philip Sousa, Burt Reynolds, and Oscar Wilde. Rainey, however, stands out as one of the early greats to do so.   In addition to the career success she enjoyed as a young woman, Rainey hit a milestone in her personal life when she married performer William â€Å"Pa† Rainey on February 2, 1904. The couple performed as â€Å"Ma† and â€Å"Pa† Rainey throughout the South. Traveling so much, especially in rural areas, is what led Ma Rainey to first hear the blues, a new art form at the time.   Blues combined African-American spirituals with African musical customs, such as â€Å"blue,† or flat notes. Performers would typically repeat the same lines, and the lyrics often discussed heartache or struggles of some sort. When Rainey first heard a singer perform the blues, the woman described a man who’d left her. Rainey had never heard anything like it. Introduced in the late 1800s, the blues paved the way for several different music genres, namely RB and rock-n-roll. Ma Rainey came to love the genre so much that she soon started performing blues songs. Her performances thrilled audiences, putting her on the path to become one of the early blues greats. Some scholars have said Rainey influenced younger performers, such as Bessie Smith, the blues singer she met in 1912. But it’s unclear if Rainey really acted as a mentor to Smith, whose singing style differed from hers. Well into the 1910s, Rainey continued to enjoy musical success, performing with Fat Chappelles Rabbit Foot Minstrels as well as Tollivers Circus and Musical Extravaganza. Their shows included chorus lines, acrobats, and comedy acts. When Rainey sang at the end of the program, she looked every bit the stage diva, turning up in showy jewelry, like diamond headpieces and necklaces made of cash. She even had gold teeth, which complemented the gold gowns she wore.   A Hitmaker for Paramount Records In 1916, Rainey began performing without her husband because the two had separated. She did not publicly identify as a lesbian, but some of her later musical lyrics and an arrest for throwing an â€Å"indecent† party toward the end of her career suggest she had romantic relationships with women. The newly single Rainey performed with her own backing band, billing herself as Madam Gertrude â€Å"Ma† Rainey and Her Georgia Smart Sets. Ma Rainey was one of the earliest recording artists to perform blues music. Photo by Donaldson Collection/Getty Images Rainey cut several songs for Paramount Records in 1923. They included the hits Bad Luck Blues, Bo-Weavil Blues, Moonshine Blues, and Those All Night Long Blues. Mamie Smith recorded the earliest blues single three years before. Rainey may not have been the first blues recording artist, but she had a prolific output. She went on to record about 100 blues tracks, and Dead Drunk Blues was among the most popular. Her songs had many themes. The lyrics, like those of many blues songs, focused on romantic relationships; they also discussed drinking and traveling as well as the African-American folk magic known as hoodoo. Although Rainey started out performing in the South, the success of her records led to a tour in the North, where she had dates in cities like Chicago with her backup ensemble, the Wildcats Jazz Band. In the following years, Rainey performed with a number of talented musicians, most famously Louis Armstrong. In 1928, Rainey’s music career began to slow down, as her type of blues fell out of fashion. Paramount did not renew her contract, despite the slew of hits she’d performed for the record label. One of the last tracks she recorded, Prove It On Me Blues, openly discussed her sexual orientation. â€Å"Went out last night with a crowd of my friends,† Rainey sang. â€Å"They must’ve been women, ‘cause I don’t like no men. It’s true I wear a collar and tie. Makes the wind blow all the while.† In the promotional image for the song, Rainey is drawn wearing a suit and a hat, speaking with a few women as a policeman eyes her. The song and the image allude to a women-only party Rainey threw 1925. It got so rowdy that a neighbor complained to the police. The women were getting affectionate with one another when the officer arrived, and as party host, Rainey was arrested for throwing an indecent party. While the singer could not openly identify as a lesbian during this era, she is regarded as a gay icon today. She’s one of the recording artists featured in Robert Philipson’s 2011 documentary T’Ain’t Nobody’s Bizness: Queer Blues Divas of the 1920s. Ma Rainey’s Impact Today Although Rainey stopped recording new music in the late 1920s, she continued to perform, simply at much smaller venues than she had during the height of her career. In 1935, she retired from the industry, returning to her hometown of Columbus, Ga. There, she purchased two movie halls- the Lyric and Airdome theaters. Ma Rainey died from a heart attack on Dec. 22, 1939.   She may have been a singer, but Rainey has been a major influence on black literature and drama. Poets Langston Hughes and Sterling Allen Brown both alluded to her in their works. The August Wilson play â€Å"Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom† directly referenced the singer as well. And Alice Walker based blues singer Shug Avery, a character in her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel â€Å"The Color Purple,† on artists like Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. In 1990, Rainey was inducted into the Blues Foundation’s Hall of Fame and the Rock Roll Hall of Fame. Four years later, the US Postal Service issued a postage stamp in the blues singer’s honor. Her home in Columbus, Ga., became a museum in her honor in 2007. Sources Freedman, Samuel J. What Black Writers Owe to Music. New York Times, 14 October 1984.Giaimo, Cara. The Queer Black Woman Who Reinvented The Blues. Atlas Obscura, 27 April 2016.ONeal, Jim. Ma Rainey. The Blues Foundation, 10 November 2016.